Combined stationary transformer and converter



June 2 1,540,.236

H. M. ABERNETHY ET A COMBINED STATIONARY TRANSFORMER AND CONVERTER FiledSept. 16, 1919 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 J n 2, 1925. H H H U 1,540,236

H. M. ABERNETHY ET AL- COMBINED STATIONARY TRANSFORMER AND cONVER'TEfiFiled Sept. 16, 1919 Sheets-Sheet June 1925." 1,540,236 H. M. ABERNETHYET AL COMBINED STATIONARY TRANSFORMER AND CONVERTER Filed Sept. 16, 19194 Sheets-Sheet amnion.

June 2, 1925- 1,540,236

H. M. ABERNETHY ETAL COMBINED STATIONARY TRANSFORMER AND CONVERTER FiledSept. 16, 191.9 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 i a direct current, latter cu-rrentbeing Patented June 2, 1925 l c ITED STATE nanny 1r. .amxa'mr aimnA-aarl n. .ansauamr, or CLE V'ELAND, 01110.

;CQMBINED smrxonaar 'mansronrrnn :AND couvnm'na.

l hpplication filed September 16, 1919. Serial No. 32 ,237.

Ohio, have invented certain new and useful lmproven'ient's in CombinedStationary Transformers and Converters, .OfWlllch the following is aspecification.

Thisinvention relatesto novel means for rectifying or converting analternating current 1nto a direct current; the alternating current, thepolarity of which is reversing, is rectified or converted into(i-pulsating direct current, the polarity of which does.

not change or alternate, but continues to flow in one direction. I c

The prime object of our invention is to provide improved, novel andmeritorious means of thorough efliciency which will serve to prevent thegreat losses that usually 'occur lIl converting an alternating currentnto used fol-any purpose for which it would he required. I

, A further object of the invention is to provide our improved meanswith a sta tionary transformer attached directly to the v whereby theelectro-motivc I power lines, force of the current to be rectifiedlisreduced or amplified 'to that required.

Another object of this invention is to provide novel means for revolvingthe armature at a constant speed and in step, or

synchronism with the alternations of a sin le cycle alternating sourceof supply,

without using current, either alternating current or direct current inthe armature coilsf c v The foregoing and such other ob e cts as mayappear from the ensuing descr pt on 1 are. attained byv the combination,arrangement, location and novel features of the construction of theparts more fully hereinafter described, illustrated in the accomr y rawoutin the claims appendedhereto, itebeing understood that slight changesin the form, proportions, andminor details of con struction may beresorted to without odeparting from the spirit or sacrificing any of theadvantages of the invention. 7 In the accompanying drawin which form apart of the specification it will be see that;

I We 1 illust ates Par is l s tadr -dinal section taken tandfparticularly pointed I iron strips and brass plates in their propernal section and partly in elevation the means embodying our invention.

Figure 2 is a front elevation of the apparatus shown in Figure 1.

Figure 3 is an end or rear view of Figure 1, with the lower portionbroken away. Figure 4 is a slightly reducedlongiturough the transformercore and showing the iron laminated core surrounded by the primary andsecondary coils.

. Figure 5 is a transverse section taken in the plane of the dottedlines 5-5, Fig. 1, w1th the primary and secondary coils of wire removedfrom the Ilaniinations of soft iron forming the solid core of thetransformer.

Figure 6 represents a detail showing commutator P Fig. 1; brushes S, Sand swinging arms u and a! Fig. 3, and thewire connection from segments1, 1 leading to the armature winding.

Figures 7 and 8 are diagrammatic views.

Similar characters of reference are em ployed in designatingcorresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings. I

In carrying out our invention it will'bc seen that it comprises atransformer composed of a foot or rest A, Fig. 1,.which may be bolted to asuitable base; two legs 13 consisting of a series of laminations made ofsott'iron punchings, insulated, and stacked together, and so arranged asto practically constitute a solid core of iron through which analternating magnetic flux is caused to flow; a brass plate C is suitablysecured to one side of said legs, and aprimary coil D, Fig. 4, ofinsulated wire is wound directly around each leg of the laminated core,each primary coil being surrounded by a secondary coil E of insulatedwire, said coils being connected by the wires cand 0 respectively, asshown in Fig. 4. V

\ a, Fig. 2, indicates the end of the bolts and nuts for securing thesaid laminated position,

eases P re re ents t e d sf wi hip ate C1 Bu rl d ng a clo e fitt matureshaft D with nut adapted to bind tightly to the shaft. The brush holderF mounted on said shaft is provided with a wing portion or extension fat each side thereof, shown in Fig. 2, and is cast or molded as a singlepiece, each of said extensions being adapted to carry a brush 7" whichis held in contact by a suitable spring which hooks or fastens aroundthe pin, as shown in the slot, Fig. 2, said brush traveling around andin contact with a ring- G. This ring G is formed in six parts orsections, viz., 1-23i56', these parts or sections being joined togetherwith an insulating substance, preferably nica, between each part, sothat the six pieces are separately insulated from each other. Said ringG is then surrounded by an insulating substance h (Fig. 1) and held inthe position shown by a second ring I, which in turn is fixedly securedby the turned overextension 7' formed 011 the plate C. A wire isattached to each one of the three longer segments of the ring G, oneinsulated wire being shown at K. L is an oil ring bearing for the shaftD supported by the b ass plate.

ill: indicates the armature core made up of soft iron punchings boltedtogether by the bolts m and surrounding the shaft D", the washer nserving to prevent their lateral movement and washer 0 their twisting orturning on said shaft. Since wire 10 is wound on this armature, thepunchings are made as shown in Fig. 5, leaving room for the wire. Eachend of this wire is attached to a commutator carried by the shaft D", asshown at P, Fig. 1. This commutator and the brushes are shown in Fig. 6which illustrates an end elevation showing the brushes 8, carried by theswinging arms a and a, which are supported by the rear brass plate V,Figs. 1 and 3, bolted to the opposite side of the transformer legs fromthat of the brass plate referred to in 2, the same bolts aclamping tothese legs the two plates. In Fig. 6 p indicates insulating materialsurrounded by the two brass segments g, and the armature wires beingattached one each to these segments.

In Figs. 1 and 3, W represents a contact piece carried by an arm a andinsulated therefrom, which arm constitutes a part of a yoke a (Fig. 3)supported by studs a located near the rear shaft bearings B (Fig. 1). Vis an extension formed on the rear brass plate V terminating in thesupport of bearing B, and D is afianged sleeve made to slide laterallyon the shaft (Fig. 1). Connected t-o this sleeve are two flat springs 0,each spring carrying a weight g, the other end of these springs beingmade fast to the sleeve g which does not move on the shaft.'

The yoke (13: is engaged with the flanged sleeve D (Fig. 1,) and thecontact piece lV attached on the arm of said yoke, as shown in Figs. 1and 3, is held in suspension and above the two swinging arms u and u,and on revolving the shaft the two weights (,1 swing outward from theposition shown, thus drawing the flanged sleeve D along the shaft,permitting the contact piece lV to drop between the two extensions ofthe swinging brush holders u and 2. thereby auton'iatieally removingfrom contact with the commutator P the two brushes .9, s, and allowingthe armature and shaft to revolve without contact in any way with saidbrushes. The two swinging arms '71 and u are insulated from the plate Vby the use of insulating material which surrounds their stud supports 1and 72 The yoke a forming part of the arm a carries an extension shownby dotted lines/1 (Fig. 3), which is grooved or split, and the flangedsleeve D revolves within this grooved or split extension, shown at 0.Fig. 1.

It will be perceived that our ii'nproved means provides a transformerhaving two legs, each leg being composed of laminations made of softiron punchings, insulated, and stacked up together, and so constructedand arranged as to constitute a solid iron core, a primary coil ofinsulated wire being wound directly around each laminated core and eachprimary coil being surrounded by a secondary coil of insulated wire, orvice versa, and that our novel means is employed with a movable orrevolving shaft and armature inserted in the path of the magnetic fluxwith the rate of speed fixed, predetermined and unchangeable without theaid of electrical energy in the armature windings, the rate of speedbeing constant and without variation, regardless of the amount ofinduced current taken from the secondary coils leading to the stationarycommutator segments, and revolving without being electrically connected;an automatic device for starting said armature and shaft from a singlesource of energy, for cutting off the flow of current from the armaturewinding, when the shaft has reached a predetermined rotation or speed,for removing the armature brushes which constitute the conducting meansof the energy to the armature windings and for closing the circuitthrough primary coils only, when the brushes are re ioved.

The operation of the rectifier is as follows: Referring to Fig. 7 henthe armature is stationary an electrical path is made from supply lineto wire 1, swingingarm a, brush 8, commutator segment 1, througharmature winding to. opposite commutator seg nient (,1. lrush s.swinging arm w, wire 9,

through primary coil D, connecting wire 0, through primary coil D, wire13, to supply line.' en supply lines are energized by any suitablealternating supply, current flows through above described circuitcausing along the sha. t the ofthe commutator. "better in Figure 3').

, synchronize with again coil which would aga n speed up th ture. Whenthe armature ing armature to rotate as inordinary series wound motor.

The weights 9 on the springse, Fig. 1, are

so adjusted that when the armature has reached a predetermined speed andis in exact step with the flow of the magnetic flux back and forththrough the iron transformer core, the governor wei hts g are thrownoutward b centrifugal orce, drawsleeve and collar D Inwardly projectinglugs or. extensions on the yoke a being engaged by the collar force theyoke to an inclined position, thus through the arm (1. (Figs. 1 and 3)forcing the contact piece, W between the two free ends of the swingingbrush holdersu and u, which action swin s the brushes clear (T ismovement shown This action cuts off all current from the coilsurrounding the arma ture but armature continues to revolve due to the,alternating magnetic flux. The current now flowing from supply linethrough wire 1-. u'-Wu-9-.-Dc-D-1 3 to supply line. .Should the armaturefail to V the flux wave on the first efi'ort, the speed of the armaturewould decrease causing the, wei hts g to tend to assume their normalposition, thus lifting contact piece W, and allowing the current to flowthrough brushes and armature e armais running by this magentic flux, itis in synchronism'with the alternations of the power line, Thus we havea revolving armature and shaft kept in motion by the flow of thealternating mag I netic flux through the iron of thetransformsynchronous machine er, across the gaps between the transformeriron and through the armature iron.

This device may be properly termed a for the reason that certain eventsare occurring at the same time, that is, the rectifying brushes aremoving across the commutator segments concurrently in time with thealternations of the current.

' The current to be rectified is induced in the secondary coils E by thealternating current flowing in the primary'coils D, showndiagrammatically in Fig. 7, circuit of which primary coil has beenpreviously described. The rectifying of the induced alternatingsecondary current takes place after the armature winding has been cutthe lifting of brushes 8' piece W,.as previously described, and therectifying is accomplished by brushes f and f held within and inelectrical contact with out of circuit by brush holder F, Fig. 2,rotating in ,syn-

chronous speed within stationary commutator C and making intermittentcontact between segments 4' and 6 "and 5' and 6'.

The circuits are shown in Fig. 7, primary coils shown as Dand secondarycoils shown and s by contact as E. When brushes f and f in theirsynchronous rotation have electrically connected segments 4 and 6' theinduced electromotive force in secondary coil E is of such polarity asto cause a current to flow from coil E to wire 14: througlf resistanceX, which represents any work that the rectified current may be requiredto perform, to segment 6 across brushes f and f and brush holder F,diagrammatically shown as solid diagonal line, to segment 4: to wire 15and to coil E. As the alternating current in the primary coils reverses1n polarity, thereby causing electro-motive force in secondary flowingthrough wire 14, work X, segment 6, across brushes and holder, shown asdiagonal dotted line, segment 5", wire 16 to the last-named coil E. Thusa circuit flowing in one direction only is maintained in work X.

Referring to Figure 2, it will be seen that commutator C is providedwith slots 1 ,1), which permit commutator to be rotated around itscenter, after screws b and b are loosened, thus providing a means ofadjusting the commutator so that the brushes pass off segments 4: and5'at that instant that the flow of current has ceased and before thecurrent can flow in the opposite direction, due to reversal ofelectro-motive force.

Figure 8 shows another method of connecting the secondary coils to thework circuit, Figure 7 showing connections by which one secondary coilis' producing current for the entire work circuit during one-half cyclewhile Figure 8 shows work circuit divided in two separate parts and bothsecondary coils producing current simultaneously. Gircuits are asfollows:

When brushes and holder are in contact with segments 4 and 6' currentflows from secondary coils E through connecting wire 0, coil E, wire 1",segment 6 brushes and holder E segment 4, wire 2", work X, wire 3, tocoil E. When current in secondary coils reverses in direction brushesand holder are connecting segments 5 and 6' and current'flows from. theother coil E through connecting wire 0, coil E, wire 3, work X wire 5segment 5, brushes and holder, represented by dotted diagonal line,segment 6., wire 1" to coil E. This method divides the work in two partsbut directs the flow of current in each part -in Ha g thusds ri ed,

the same direction.

we claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. An apparatus of the character described comprising a stationarytransformer having stationary primary and secondary coils with an ironcore, in combination with a revolvable shaft, an armature formed of aseries of soft iron laminations mounted on said shaft, a commutatormounted on said shaft, swinging brushes adapted to contact with saidcommutator, automatically operated means mounted on said shaft andadapted to disconnect the brushes from the connnutator. and means forrevolving said shaft and armature at a fixed, predetermii'ied andunchangeable speed while the armature windings are free of electricalenergy.

2. An apparatus of the character described comprising a stationaryalternating current transformer having stationary primary and secondarycoils, a revolvable shaft an armature mounted on the shaft and disposedin the transformer core, automatically operated means for starting saidarmature and shaft from a single source of energy. and automaticallyoperated means mounted on said shaft for cutting off the flow of currentfrom the armature winding when the shaft has reached a predeterminedspeed of rotation.

3. An apparatus of the character described comprising a stationarytransformer having stationary primary and secondary coils with an ironcore, in combination with a revolvable shaft and disposed in thetransformer core, an armature mounted on said shaft, direct currentcommutator brushes mounted on the shaft at one side of the armature, anautomatic device for starting the armature and shaft from a singlesource of energy, and automatically operated means mounted on said shaftfor cutting off the flow of current from the armature winding andmaintaining the current through the primary coils.

4. An apparatus of the character described comprising a stationaryalternating current transformer having stationary primary and secondarycoils, a revolvable shaft, an armature mounted on said shaft anddisposed in the transformer core, direct current conunutator brushholders mounted on the shaft at one side of the armature, direct currentbrushes carried by said holders, automatically operated means carried bysaid shaft for starting said armature and shaft from a single source ofenergy, and automatically operated means mounted on said shaft forcutting off the flow of current from the armature winding when the shafthas reached a predetermined rotation.

5. An apparatus of the character described comprising a stationaryalternating current transformer having stationary primary and secondarycoils with a core formed of a series of soft iron laminations, arevolvable shaft, a revolvable armature mounted on said shaft formed ofaseries of soft iron laminations with wire windings, direct currentcommutator brushes and holders mounted on the shaft at one side of thearmature, automatically operated means for starting said armature andshaft and automatically operated means mounted on said shaft for cuttingoff the flow of current from the armature windings when the shaft hasreached a predetermined speed of rotation, said armature being mountedin the path of the magnetic flux which flows through the iron core.

HARRY M. ABERNETHY. HARRY D. ABERNETHY.

